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SHELL OF THE MONTH – APRIL 2016

DSC_5058

Macrocypraea cervinetta (Kiener, 1843), the Litttle Deer Cowrie, is a very close cousin to our own Macrocypraea cervus (Linne 1771), the Deer Cowrie. Both are among the largest growing of all cowries, however both are extremely variable in size, especially cervinetta as both dwarf populations and giant populations do exist. Size ranges from 130mm down to 35mm. Our specimens are approximately 72 and 40mm.

Both cervus and cervinetta are light in weight, and have an overall fawn color with a greyer base. They are heavily spotted with white. Often there is a gap in the coloring to expose dorsal banding and sometimes a mantle line. The teeth are stained dark. The pattern is very constant. The main difference is in shape where cervinetta is elongated and flattened and cervus is globular.

Cervus and cevinetta lives on opposite sides of our continent. Cervus in the Caribbean specie and cervinetta the Pacific. Although cervinetta has an extended range from Mexico south to Peru, virtually all specimens come from the coast of Panama. Cervinetta lives in shallow water, is nocturnal and if often found exposed in the moonlight.

Both specimens are donated from the collection of Richard Kent

BROWARD SHELL CLUB AUCTION – LISTING OF LOTS UP FOR AUCTION

BROWARD SHELL CLUB AUCTION

Tuesday, March 8, 2016
At the Pompano Beach Emma Lou Olson Civic Center

Auction Preview 6:15 p.m. Bidding Begins Promptly at 6:45 p.m.

NOTE: Items marked with an asterisk (*) can be viewed on the club’s website

  1. Busycon perversum sinistrum w/data, Our Club shell! A BIG beauty! Goodland, FL, Opening bid $40.00
  2. Tonna lischkeana w/basic data, Taiwan
  3. Conus litteratus w/basic data, great color & pattern! 105.5 mm, Indo-Pacific
  4. Conus aulicus w/data, Philippines
  5. Conus episcopatus w/data, Philippines
  6. Conus striatus w/data, Philippines
  7. Conus fergusoni w/data, w/operculum, & w/periostracum, Ecuador
  8. Tutufa bufo w/data & operculum, Philippines
  9. Tutufa bubo w/data Philippines
  10. Struthiolaria papulosa w/data New Zealand

11. Three species of Siphonalia, 6 shells total

S. trochulus w/data, Japan
S. cassidariaeformis w/data, Japan
S. cassidariaeformis forma funerea w/data, Japan

12. Babylonia spirata 3 specimens w/data, India
13. Babylonia japonica 2 specimens w/data, 1 w/periostracum & operc, Japan
14. Bolma tayloriana w/data & operculum, South Africa, Opening bid $15.00
15. Cypraea cervus w/data, Florida Keys
16. Set of 12 shell design lace valances, new in packages, Opening bid $10.00
17. Set of 8 shell design paper napkins in shell design gift bag, Opening bid $8.00 18. Box of shell design notecards & address book
19. Shell Puzzle, new in box, Opening bid $5.00
20. Men’s IST Pro-Line Dive Skin Size XXL, never worn, Opening bid $5.00
21. Glass Vase filled with shells valued at over $150.00, Opening bid $30.00
22. Glass Vase filled with shells valued at over $150.00, Opening bid $30.00
23. Turbinella angulatum w/data, w/operculum & periostracum, Bimini, Bahamas 24. Cassis simigranosum w/data, South Australia
25. Xenogalea inornata w/data, Japan
26. Galeodea echinophora w/data, Italy
27. Casmaria erinaceus 2 forms, smooth & wrinkled, w/basic data, Philippines 28. Phalium granulatum 2 specimens, w/data, Pompano Beach, FL
29. Galeodea rugosa w/data, Western Europe
30. Harpa major forma conoidalis w/data, Australia

31. Harpa major w/data, Zanzibar, East Africa
32. Harpa crenata 3 specimen growth series, w/data, West Mexico 33. Harpa amouretta 2 specimens w/data, Philippines
34. Harpa cabriti w/data, Mozambique, Africa
35. Harpa articularis w/data, Philippines

  1. 2 Books: Checklist of Living Cypraeida by Lorenz & Hubert, and

    Shell Catalogue 1984, Published by Gov’t of Papua and New Guinea

  2. Book: Systematics of the Families Mitridae & Volutomitridae by Cernohorsky
  3. Book: The Mitridae of Fiji by Cernohorsky
  4. Pecten fumatus 2 specimens w/data, Western Australia
  5. Pecten maximus w/data, France
  6. Pecten novazelandiae w/data, New Zealand
  7. Pecten jacobaeus w/data, Spain
  8. Mirapecten rastellum 2 specimens, w/data
  9. Argopecten ventricosus w/data, West Mexico
  10. Amusium pleuronestes w/basic data, South Pacific
  11. Amphidromis furcillatus 2 specimens w/data, Sumatra
  12. 3 Species of “Shelly Operculated Land Snails” (2 of each species) Annularia

    candeana, Tudora aurantia, & Opisthosiphon bahamiense, all w/data, Cuba,

    Bonaire & Bahamas

  13. Ten Species of Bivalves collected at Crandon Beach on Key Biscayne, FL
  14. 3 Species of Shells from the Dominican Republic Strombus pugilis, Astraea

    phoebium & Chicoreus pomum, all with data

  15. 3 Species of World Wide Cerithium: Pseudovertagus aluco w/data, Philippines

    Cerithium vulgatum w/data, West Africa, & Rhinoclavis fasciata w/data,

    Australia

  16. Astraea caelatum 6 specimen growth series w/data, Bahamas
  17. Book: Fabulous Florida Fossil Shells by Gary Schmelz, new, autographed copy!
  18. Books: Johnsonia – Monographs of Western Atlantic Mollusks

    Volume I and Volume II; Volume II is autographed by William Clench

  19. Book: Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific by Alan Hinton
  20. Book: The Art of Shellcraft by Paula Critchly
  21. Book: Caribbean Seashells by Warmke and Abbott
  22. Book: Conchs, Tibias and Harps by Jerry Walls
  23. 24 Issues of American Conchologist
  24. 6 pairs of women’s shell design socks, in decorative storage box! Too cute!
  25. Gift bag of Coral & Shell design soap, glass soap dish and notecards.
  26. Snorkel, Brand New!
  27. Shell Design wheeled tote bag
  28. Ceramic fish decorative item, adorable!

*64. Liguus fasciatus f. dohertyi Topotype! w/data, Florida Keys

  1. Liguus virgineus 3 specimens w/data, unusual color form
  2. Liguus fasciatus f. barbouri 5 specimens/5 locations, w/data, Florida Everglades
  3. Liguus fasciatus 20 different color forms, w/data Florida
  4. Murex axicornis 3 specimens w/data, Philippines

*69. Chicoreus beauii 2 specimens w/data, Florida

70. Poirieria nuttingi 2 specimens w/data, Florida *71. Pteropurpura bequaerti w/data, Florida

  1. Liomesus c.f. dalei w/data, Norway
  2. Neptunea antique w/data, Scotland
  3. Colus c.f. gracilis w/data, England

*75. Argonauta argo w/data, Dania Beach, Florida

  1. 7 species of Florida/Caribbean Trivia
  2. Solemya australis w/data, Australia
  3. 10 World-wide species of Acmaea
  4. Polished Shells, 7 different species
  5. Conus vexillum w/data, Philippines
  6. Conus granarium 2 specimens w/data, Columbia
  7. Conus inscriptus w/data, India

83 Conus samiae w/data, Philippines

  1. Conus purpurascens 2 specimens, w/data, Costa Rica
  2. Conus centurio w/data, Columbia

86 Conus magus w/data Philippines

  1. Conus figulinus 2 specimens w/data, Solomon Islands
  2. 2 Mexican Olives: Oliva incrassata 3 specimens w/data, West Mexico &

    Oliva polpasta 2 specimens w/data, West Mexico

  3. Oliva miniacea w/data, Philippines
  4. Oliva annulata 4 color forms w/data, Philippines
  5. Oliva carneola 3 color forms, 7 specimens w/data, Philippines
  6. 10 World-wide species of limpets! All w/data

93 Serpolorbis c.f. sipho 2 specimens w/data 94. Cymatium hepaticum 2 specimens w/data

*95. Timbellus phyllopterus w/data, Guadeloupe, French West Indies, Opening bid $100.00

  1. Agaronia propatula 2 specimens w/data, Costa Rica
  2. Neptunea heros w/data, Alaska
  3. Buccinum zelotes w/data, Japan
  4. Buccinum undatum, 2 specimens w/data, Rhode Island
  5. 4 species/3 genera/7 specimens of allied Buccinids, all w/data
  6. Framed Shell Art
  7. Shell Print Tote Bag, new in bag
  8. Matted photograph of Flamingos
  9. Print of Magnolia flower watercolor painting
  10. Original painting of Emoda sagriana, a purple & green landsnail, by Joseph

    Regan, Beautiful! Opening bid $50.00

  11. Cypraecassis testiculus w/data, Guadeloupe French West Indies
  12. Pugilina morio w/operculum & periostracum, w/data, Guadeloupe,

    French West Indies

  13. Fasciolaria tulipa w/data, Guadeloupe, French West Indies, unusual orange

    color and inflated form, Nice Shell!

  14. Umbraculum umbraculum w/basic data, Columbia, Beautiful Specimen!
  15. Murex akritos w/data, Queensland, Australia

111. Boreotrophon beringi w/data, Japan 112. Jaton decussatus w/data, Senegal 113. Latiaxis diadema w/data, Philippines 114. Latiaxis bernardi w/data, Africa 115. Favartia pelepili w/data, Philippines 116. Latiaxis benoiti w/data, Spain

117. Columbarium natalense w/data, South Africa
118. Bag of assorted shells for shell arts & crafts
119. Collection of 7 small species of preserved sea-life…crabs, shrimp & urchin
120. Sea Urchin from Reunion Island Podophora atratus unique & beautiful specimen 121. Women’s Guy Harvey Billfish T-shirt size XL, new & never worn

  1. Book: The American Museum of Natural History Guide to Shells

    by Emerson & Jacobson

  2. Book: Seashells of the World with Values by A. Gordon Melvin
  3. Book: Seashells of Western Europe by Bouchet, Danrigal, & Huyghens
  4. Shell Design Fireplace Matches
  5. Strombus galeatus 3 specimen growth series, with data, West Mexico
  6. Strombus costatus 2 specimens w/ data, Bimini, Bahamas and Marathon, Florida
  7. Strombus gigas 4 specimen growth series, w/data, San Blas Islands, Panama
  8. Polinices lewisi 3 specimens w/data, Oregon
  9. Triplofusus giganteus w/data, Large & Beautiful specimen of Florida’s State

    Shell! Marathon, Florida Keys

  10. Haliotis sorenseni w/data, Mexico
  11. Haliotis kamtschatkana assimilis w/data, Mexico
  12. Haliotis cracherodii w/data, Mexico
  13. Haliotis fulgens w/data, Mexico
  14. Tutufa bufo 2 specimens, w/data, Philippines
  15. Tutufa rubeta w/basic data, Indo-Pacific
  16. Busycon coarctatum w/data, East Mexico
  17. Buccinum c.f. undatum 2 specimens w/data, elongated spires! Denmark
  18. Buccinum zelotes w/data, Japan
  19. Neptunea heros w/data, Alaska
  20. Buccinum striatissimum w/data, Japan
  21. Buccinum undatum 3 specimens w/data, color variations, Maine

143 Neptunea antique w/data, Scotland

  1. 4 different boxes of shell soaps, plus shell design nail stickers, in shell design

    gift/storage box!

  2. Book: Sea Treasure, a Guide to Shell Collecting by K.Y. Johnstone
  3. Book: Collecting Seashells by K.Y. Johnstone
  4. Books: Seashells of the World by Golden, How to Clean Seashells by E. Bergeron
  5. Publications: Sea Frontiers & Sea Secrets & The Seaside Trail
  6. Publications: Shell Collector, issues 1 & 2
  7. 2 Species of Boring Clams: Parapholas californica 2 specimens w/data,

    California & Penitella penita w/data, California

  8. Conus betulinus 2 different color forms w/data, Philippines & Mauritius
  9. Stombus raninus w/data, Key Biscayne, collected by the late Corinne Edwards
  1. 4 species of Tonna: Tonna galea, Tonna lischkeana, Tonna pennata, & Tonna variegata, all w/data
  2. Oliva porphyria w/basic data, 100 mm!! Gulf of California
  3. 3 color forms of Oliva reticulata, 7 shells total, w/data
  4. Oliva irisans 2 color forms w/data, Philippines
  5. Oliva tricolor 2 color forms, all w/data, 5 shells total, Philippines
  6. Cypraea tigris 2 color forms w/data, Philippines
  7. Cypraea mauritiana w/data, Hawaii
  8. Cypraea cinerea 2 large specimens w/data, Florida
  9. Cypraea obveleta 2 dwarf, heavily calloused specimens w/data, Huahine,

    Polynesia

  10. Marginella glabella 2 specimens w/data, Africa
  11. Ellobium aurismidae 2 specimens w/basic data, SW Pacific
  12. Harpulina aurasiaca 2 specimens w/data, Indian Ocean
  13. Struthiolaria papulosa 2 specimens w/data, New Zealand
  14. Nucella freycineti elongata 2 specimens w/data, Japan
  15. Helicostyla concinna forma virens w/data, Philippines
  16. Epitoneum irregular w/data, Philippines, +/-40 mm!!!

    Previous World Size Record!

  17. Laevicardium elatum w/data, West Mexico
  18. Aequipecten opercularis w/basic data, Belgium
  19. Siratus beauii w/data, Dry Tortugas
  20. Chicoreus orchidifloris w/data, Philippines
  21. Murex kiiensis w/data, Philippines
  22. Columbarium eastwoodae w/basic data, South Africa
  23. Pterynotus miyokoae w/data, Philippines
  24. Latiaxus pilsbryi w/data Taiwan Strait
  25. Latiaxus mawae w/data Taiwan Strait
  26. Siratus beauii w/data, Dry Tortugas
  27. Homalocantha zamboi w/data, Philippines, large & impressive shell!
  28. Homalocantha secunda w/data, Australia
  29. Astraea helioptropum w/data, New Zealand, 100 mm!
  30. Shell decorated glass vase

183 Ceramic Conch Shell serving dish/planter

  1. Margaret Furlong Heart Cockle ornament, in original box
  2. Cymbiola nobilis, polished
  3. Shell design decorative gift/storage box filled with assortment of shell notecards

    and notepads, Lovely! Opening bid $10.00

  4. Shell Design decorative gift/storage box filled with assortment of shell notecards

    and notepads, Gifts Galore! Opening bid $10.00

  5. Bag of coordinating shell & coral design paper plates, paper placemats, napkins

    & guest towels, Opening bid $20.00

  6. Bag of coordinating shell & coral design paper plates, paper placemats, napkins

    & guest towels, Opening bid $20.00

  7. Tridacna squamosa w/basic data. Everybody’s favorite fluted clam! Peach color.
  8. Chama lazarus w/basic data, Red Sea
  1. Lambis chiragra chiragra w/data, Indonesia
  2. 3 Lambis species: Lambis crocata crocata, Lambis lambis & Lambis millepeda,

    all with data

194 Lambis truncata sebae w/data, Philippines. A BIG boy!

  1. Amoria ellioti w/data, Western Australia
  2. Odontocymbiola magellanica w/data, Argentina
  3. Voluta beckii w/data, Brazil
  4. Melo broderipi w/data, Philippines
  5. Melo amphora w/data, Australia
  6. Livonia mammilla leucostoma w/data, Australia, 265 mm F+

Many Thanks to our Generous Donors to this Auction: Nancy Galdo
The Lauren Cope Estate
Bob and JuYing Janowsky

Randy Allamand
The Broward Shell Club
An anonymous friend of the Broward Shell Club Bob & Alice Pace
Tom Ball
Sue Hobbs & Phil Dietz
Richard Kent
Don and Kitsmueller /“Keys Shells”
Phyllis Diegel
Stephen Tan / MT Shells
Vincente “Vic” B. Dungog
Randy Bridges
Kinsey Maxwell
Gene Everson
Linda Zylman Holzinger & David Holzinger Jose & Marcus Coltro/“Femorale Shells”
The Galka Family
The Georgia Lustig Estate
Marge & Gerry Heynes
Sally Marshall
The Sam & Betty Collins Estate
Al & Carol Brunner
Bev Dolezal
Dr. Gary Schmelz
Patrick J. Murphy, Esq.
Ildze Ejups
Phyllis Diegel & Dick Duerr
The Corrine E. Edwards Estate
Lucy Clampitt
Carolyn VunKannon

SHELL OF THE MONTH – FEBRUARY 2016

HouartiCymbiolacca pulchra houarti, Poppe 1985

The Volutes are among the most beautiful of all shells. The reason they are not more popular here is that none have extensive distribution, a very few come from our hemisphere, with majority indigenous to Australia – and are those Aussie shells ever fantastic! Cymbiolacca is one of the finest with about seven species recognized. What makes the genus Cymbiolacca most exciting and collectible is that each species has several subspecies or forms. It seems every region of Queensland, Australia has its own variety.

All are glossy and have a relatively similar size, shape and pattern. All are white, with a pinkish or rose overlay, revealing small white areas, each with its own brown to black spot. Some varieties are smooth, some have shoulder tubercules with or without small sharp spines or not. Some shells are way more elongate than others. A few are heavier in mass. Some have two darker color bands. One thing they all have in common are rows of short vertical dashes on the apex end of each whorl. They makes for a fascinating study.

The snail itself it very attractive with a very large brightly colored foot.

Cymbiolacca Pulchra Sowerby, 1825 has several varieties including Cymbiolacca pulchra houarti, Poppe 1985 which is our shell of the month It is about 72mm, a descent size and a very pretty specimen. It was donated from the collection of Richard Kent and acquired from Australian sheller Doug Thorn, who goes by the business name of Peristicta, which is one of the species in this genus.

Note: Recent changes in accepted nomenclature now have the name as Cymbiola (cymbiolacca) houarti Bail & Limpus, 1998

LETTER FROM THE CHAIRPERSON ON SHELL SHOW

THANK YOU for participating in the 2016 Broward Shell Show!!!

It takes many dedicated people to make a successful shell show happen. The entire Broward Shell Club membership pitches in each year to prepare for and generously donate their time achieving this goal. We are grateful to each and every one of you for making this one of the best shows ever!! Also, thank you to our esteemed artistic judges Anne Joffe and Emily Savage, scientific judges Bill Lyons and Richard Goldberg. We thank all the exhibitors and vendors who participated without their support the shell show would not have been possible.

2016 Broward Shell Show Committee and Club Participants

Shell Show Chairperson – Alice Pace
Shell Show Production – Bob Pace
Publicity – Tracy Dale & Richard Kent
Ribbons and Trophies – Alice Pace
Shell ID Clinic – Carole Marshall, Kimi Kadota and Alice Lustig
Program/Program Ads – Rex Stilwell & Patti Jenkins
Breakfast/Lunch – Elaine Alvo, Linda Ebeling, Trisha Guarnieri,
Setup/Breakdown crew –Richard Sedlak, Bob Pace, Cindy Murfey, Mike Galka,Tom Laurin, Cindy Treece, Eric Petrusha, Doug ThompsonH

Judges Dinner and Centerpieces – Alice Pace and Patty Jenkins Treasurer – Tom Ball
Membership Application Forms – Marta Cruz
Judging Assistants – Carole Marshall and Bob Pace

Signage – Wayne Seme
Photographer – Bob Pace
Sales Table – Scientific – Linda Zylman, Cindy Murfey, and Rex Stilwell
Sales Table – Arts & Crafts – Linda Laurin, Carolyn Harvey, Steven Braska, Linda Ebeling, Andrea Diskin, Heather Strawbridge, Diana Esposito, Ann Kennedy, and Patti Jenkins.

Raffle/Membership Table – Sonny Ogden, Patty Springborn,

Also, thank you to all who brought delicious goodies to accompany our breakfasts and lunches on Saturday and Sunday.

Trophy sponsors: Mary Bukstel, John Chesler, Richard and Wanda Ott, Wayne Harland, Tom Ball, Carolyn VunKannon, Greg Curry Sr., Bob and Alice Pace, Linda Zylman Holzinger and David Holzinger, Juying and Bob Janowsky, Randy Allamand, Linda & Tom Laurin, Phyllis Diegel & Dick Duerr, Gene Everson, Sonny Ogden, Andrea Diskin, Heather Strawbridge, Kevan and Linda Sunderland, Linda Ebeling, Fran Koerner, Cindy Murfey.

Submitted By: Alice Pace
2016 Broward Shell Show Chairperson

For more club information contact:

Richard Sedlak (954) 296-5633 http://www.browardshellclub.org

DR. GARY SCHMELZ – JANUARY PROGRAM

GarySchmelzphotoDr. Gary Schmelz will be the guest speaker at the January 2016 meeting, Professor Schmelz received his Ph.D. in biology from the University of Delaware. He is the former Director of the Big Cypress Nature Center and Director of Education for the Conservancy of Southwest Florida. While working at the Big Cypress Nature Center and Conservancy, he developed, among other things, environmental science classes for Collier County 3d , 4th, and 7th grade children, a national environmental education training program for teachers, established a wild animal rehabilitation center, and supervised the Conservancy’s sea turtle nesting program. For his accomplishments in the field of environmental education, he received the Elsie M. B. Naumburg Award as the leading environmental educator in the United States in 1985. In 2007 Dr. Schmelz received the Howard Converse Award for his outstanding contributions to Florida Paleontology.

Dr. Schmelz has written dozens of natural history articles for Gulfshore Life Magazine. Currently, Dr. Schmelz is a Field Research Associate with the University of Florida where his main investigative interests are in the area of paleomalocology. To date, he has described 31 new species of fossil marine mollusks. His most recent scientific writings have appeared in The Nautilus. Other accomplishments include the publication of The Gift, a young adult novel, assistance with the establishment of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Nature Center on Key Biscayne, the publication of a book on Native Wildflowers of Southwest Florida. More recently he has co-authored a booklet on Mollusca of the Florida Shoal River Formation, an acclaimed biography entitled Journey to the Edge of Eden. His most recent publication is a book on Fabulous Florida Fossil Shells

Dr. Schmelz is the past President of the Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum on Sanibel Island, Florida and was a former professor at Edison State College where he taught marine biology, oceanography, ecology, and biology.

PhotoGiftFl.BookCover2PhotoJourneyPhotofossilshells

 

SHELL OF THE MONTH – JANUARY 2016

fossilSpecies: Phyllonotus globosus (Emmons, 1858)

Size: 82mm

Remarks: This is a GORGEOUS, rare specimen excavated in Sarasota, FL. It dates from the Pliocene and more specifically from the Piacenzian Age, around 3.6-2.588 million years ago. In the ancient sea that covered Florida, this species would have lived on open sand areas and among turtle grass. This is a beautifully preserved specimen, and a must have for the serious fossil collector. Incredibly, this species still lives on to this day and can now be found in Venezuela. I have to say though, this fossil is honestly much more ornate than the vast majority of live taken globosus specimens I have seen. Better spines, better detail…an all around amazing fossil!

(descriptive text that came with fossil – donated by Richard Kent)

SHELL OF THE MONTH – NOVEMBER 2015

achatideaCypraea achatidea Sowerby, 1837 Trawled by fishing boats 50m, mud and sandy bottom, Dakar harbor, Senegal 2006
Cypraea achatidea Sowerby,1837 – the Agate Cowry – is a seldom seen attractive mid sized cowry.  It is usually trawled in moderately deep water. Its scarcity in collections is due to its range which goes from the western Mediterranean down along the cost of Africa.  Mediterranean specimens are almost impossible to attain. Most offered come from Senegal.
The shell is pyriform, light in weight with fine indistinct teeth on a whitish base.  The dorsum is banded in immature specimens but this gets covered over in adults and is hardly visible. The adult dorsum is cream, freckled and mottled with brown. The shell is quite consistent in color and size with the main variation being the degree and intensity of mottling. The size is typically around 35mm.
Scientists placed Cypraea achatidea in the genus Schilderia. It is the one and only species.  The African specimens are named Cypraea achatidea longingua Sch & Sch 1938 however many dealers prefer the name Cypraea achatidea inopinata Sch 1930.
This specimen is donated by Richard Kent and was acquired from an Italian dealer who specializes in cypraea.

SHELL OF THE MONTH – OCTOBER 2015

ReginaThe Queen Mitre  – Vexillum regina, Sowerby I, 1825 – 3 varieties

The Queen Mitre is cursed! This beautiful shell is elegantly shaped with a tall spire, sculptured with axial ribs and valleys, and circled with bands of multiple colors. Adult size ranges from 50 to 70mm. Unfortunately the Queen Mitre has a big problem. No one is quite sure what the proper name should be. It was always known as Vexillum regina, Sowerby I, 1825. Then the scientists decided that name was a nomen nudum and the proper name should be Vexillum citrinum, Gmelin 1791. Along came Cate in 1961 who christened the Phillipine shells, Vexillum filliaregina, the Colorful Queen.  Add to this confusion is Vexillium taeniatum, Lamark 1811 which may or may not be the same shell depending on who’s describing it. To make matters even worse, all Vexillum are no longer Mitres, the scientists moved the shells out of the Mitridae and into Costellaridae.

The shells in our raffle represent three of the variations on the market. Even novice collectors will have no problem distinguishing one from the other. Each variety is restricted in locale. Our identification is arbitrary. Even though Vexillum regina is again recognized as valid, there is no consensus as to which shell is which or whether they    share the same name or not.

Specimen #1. Vexillum citrinum, Gmelin 1791 is found only in Madagascar and rarely the African coast. Its colors are earth tones. It has the most sharply chiseled sculpture of the three. Extra large specimens are quite narrow.

Specimen #2. Vexillum filliaregina, Cate 1961 is the colorful orange, white and black variety found in the Philippines. It is quite variable in color but not shape.